In the 1700’s, England was a motherland laden with no vast resources like it is now. It banked on its territories for supplies.
Wars then were fought to expand territorial jurisdiction and procure means that augment what it falls short of to sustain an economy for its people.
A conflict of succession over Spain’s colonies involved Britain and France alliances, in the Battle for Ramillies. Let us focus on the socio-economic impact of the battle for Ramillies. Specifically, we shall trace the human and economic systems brewing in the era that shaped England and France, as part of the chief world economic influencers of the millennium.
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Battle For Ramilleis, A Point In Time
Battle For Ramilleis
Fought on May 23, 1706, it was an engagement steered by Great Britain and France over the War of Spanish Succession. The British (Anglo-Dutch) alliance forces, with Prussia, Hanover, Portugal and the German states, set war against the French-led (François de Neufville, Duke de Villeroi) 60,000 man army coming from France and its allies – Spain, Mantua, Cologne, and Bavaria.
With 62,000 armed members and great war tactics, Marlborough led a British victory. It merited full sovereignty over the disputed Spanish Netherlands.
The War Of Succession— The Trigger
Prince Joseph Ferdinand
Prince Joseph Ferdinand was to rule Spain, Spanish Netherlands, and all Spanish territories when the childless king Charles II dies. Detached and partitioned Spanish dependencies charged to Austria (Duchy of Milan, recipient) and to France (Sicily and Naples).
However, Joseph Ferdinand departed two years later. The Dutch Republic, France, and England via its Partition Act 2, willed the Spanish Netherlands, Spain and its colonies to Archduke Charles bequeathing Naples, and Sicily, and the rest of the Spanish territories in Italy to France. Yet, Leopold, his father, demanded all the territories to him. It did not sit well with the countries involved corresponding with Charles II. A decree driven by Charles II instead, acceded Philip, Duc d’Anjou, Louis XIV of France’s grandson the jurisdiction. When King Charles II died, Louis XIV installed him king and advanced on to engage the Spanish Netherlands.
There rose an anti-French alliance constituted by England, the Dutch Republic and Emperor Leopold, that was when the Battle of Ramillies began.
Post War Realities
After the combat, Britain succeeded ang gained victory.
Both countries have their economies to tend to.
Social and economic statuses were brewing consequent to the battle. They play well in the following.
France
France effected deliberate moves to recuperate from dwindling revenues
Under Louis XIV, France flagged losses both in territories and resources. The conflict exceeded the country’s means exacerbated by the -Nine Year- War earlier on. He pressed for a grand alliance, but England won’t bail out, especially so after overcoming the recent battle. In this direction, England announced that manufactured goods would no longer be exported to France.
France effected deliberate moves to recuperate from dwindling revenues. It ran on its affaires extraordinares to gain a steady source of funding as the borrowings through the church was similarly weakening. Through venalization, traitants’ solicited money from the rich, the elite, the vested and those wanting favors. It also proffered the king extra money on hand. The move offsets the deterioration of earnings from femmes generales truly inevitable after a war.
Specifically, venalization opened the way to:
- soliciting money through the sale and influence of offices.
- signing money for taxes to recover lagging incomes not secured by the regular collectors.
- more minor positions formed in communication regulations, food products, industrial merchandise, luxuries and vanities, public health and municipal posts
- an authority to trade goods when there are fewer sellers (oligopoly) that can considerably impact the pricing of goods.
- the peddling of commodities characterized by fix pricing in the absence of competition (monopoly) was moreover in practice.
England
It cut a deal on the Scottish call to access England’s trade
Following the battle of Ramillies, England advanced steadfastly with the Union Act 2 with Scotland which commenced in the previous year. It cut a deal on the Scottish call to access England’s trade. It was a lax move from its strict overseeing of other nations’ commercial interests by increasing exports and restricting imports via tariffs.
Equally, significant is, trade was unrestricted and equal to the entire Great Britain and its territories. With the Unification Act, England settled with Scotland for £398,085.10 shillings to partake in spending for England’s debt obligations.
At this time:
- there was direct and indirect taxation (subject to temporary exceptions)
- a Protestant succession was adopted
- the creation of England’s biggest free trade under Queen Anne
- economic, political and artistic advancement flourished
- the monarchy was stable because there was no constitutional conflict between the Monarch leader and the parliament
- buildings and places were built and musicians were sent to war.
